*산업 폐허에서 예술 공원으로의 변신 [ McGregor Coxall ] GASP! Stage 2_Glenorchy Art & Sculpture Park

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"건축은 단순한 건물 이상의 것이다. 그것은 삶의 질을 향상시키고, 사회를 변화시키며, 환경과 공존하는 방법을 제시하는 것이다." - 노먼 포스터(Norman Foster)

Glenorchy Art and Sculpture Park: 혁신적인 예술과 자연의 만남

소개
Glenorchy Art and Sculpture Park (GASP!)는 태즈매니아의 글레노키시에 위치한 현대적인 예술 공원입니다. 이 공원은 Derwent 강의 동쪽 가장자리를 따라 엘윅 베이의 끝자락에 자리잡고 있습니다. 2011년 1월에 개장한 구시대와 현대 예술 박물관(MONA)의 영향으로 지역의 사회적, 문화적 구조에 큰 변화를 가져왔으며, 관광과 지역 경제에도 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤습니다. 이번 블로그에서는 GASP!의 설계와 역사, 그리고 이 공원이 지역 사회에 미치는 영향을 중점적으로 살펴보겠습니다.

역사와 배경
GASP!는 1920년대 초기 식민지 정착 시기 이후 농업, 과수원, 초기 산업 활동으로 번성했던 글레노키시의 역사를 존중하며 설계되었습니다. 이 지역은 다양한 사람들이 일하기 위해 모였던 곳으로, 상대적으로 높은 비율의 이민자들이 유입되었습니다. 현재 이 지역은 Derwent 엔터테인먼트 센터와 경마장을 포함한 다양한 레크리에이션 및 오락 시설을 갖추고 있으며, 인근에는 중공업 시설들이 위치하고 있습니다.

디자인과 설계
GASP! 2단계 프로젝트는 McGregor Coxall과 Room 11 Architects에 의해 설계되었습니다. 이 프로젝트는 기존의 산업적 환경을 현대적 예술 공간으로 재탄생시키는 것을 목표로 했습니다. 특히, 1975년 Tasman Bridge 붕괴 사고 이후 사용되지 않던 건설 현장을 재활용하여 새로운 예술과 문화 이벤트를 위한 공간으로 재구성하였습니다. 이 지역은 강한 바람과 염분에 노출된 어려운 환경이었으나, 간단한 식재 계획과 토양 구조 및 배수 개선 작업을 통해 식재가 가능하게 되었습니다. 주로 토착 풀과 Drooping Sheoaks, Pig Face와 같은 식물들이 이 지역의 환경에 잘 적응하였습니다.

공간 구성
GASP!는 두 개의 주요 부분으로 구성되어 있습니다. 첫 번째는 Wilkinsons Point로 이어지는 외부 노출된 경관이고, 두 번째는 보호된 안뜰과 그 주변 공간입니다. 이 두 공간은 서로 대조되면서도 보완적인 역할을 하며, 빛, 바람, 그림자 및 계절에 따라 변화합니다. 하나는 개방적이고 다른 하나는 보호된 공간으로, 각각의 공간은 강 주변 환경, Mt Wellington과 그 봉우리들과 독특한 관계를 형성합니다.

경관과 체험
GASP!의 경관은 주변 자연 환경과 하나가 되어 빛과 반사, 그리고 끊임없이 변하는 강의 모습에 의해 크게 영향을 받습니다. 때로는 소금기 가득한 바람이 거세게 불어오는가 하면, 때로는 거울처럼 평온한 강의 모습을 보여주기도 합니다. 이러한 변화는 방문객들에게 각기 다른 경험을 제공하며, 노출된 공간은 위협적이고 보호된 공간은 따뜻하고 환영하는 느낌을 줍니다.

인사이트
재활용과 재사용: 산업 폐기물을 예술 공간으로 변형시키는 과정에서 재활용과 재사용의 중요성을 강조합니다. GASP!는 1975년 Tasman Bridge 붕괴 사고 이후 사용되지 않던 건설 현장을 재활용하여 새로운 예술과 문화 이벤트를 위한 공간으로 재구성하였습니다. 이는 지속 가능한 디자인의 좋은 예입니다.
자연과의 조화: GASP!는 주변 자연 환경과 조화를 이루며 설계되었습니다. 강한 바람과 염분에 노출된 어려운 환경 속에서도 토착 식물들을 활용하여 자연과 건축물이 공존할 수 있는 방안을 제시합니다. 이는 건축물이 자연과 어떻게 공존할 수 있는지를 잘 보여주는 사례입니다.
지역 사회와의 연계: GASP!는 지역 사회와 긴밀히 연계된 공간으로, 지역 주민들에게 새로운 문화적 체험을 제공합니다. 이는 건축이 단순한 공간 제공을 넘어 사회적, 문화적 가치를 창출할 수 있음을 보여줍니다.
다양한 경험 제공: GASP!는 방문객들에게 다양한 경험을 제공하며, 이는 방문객들에게 특별한 기억을 남깁니다. 특히, 공간의 대조적인 특성은 방문객들이 다양한 감정을 느낄 수 있게 합니다.

결론
Glenorchy Art and Sculpture Park는 단순한 예술 공원을 넘어, 지역 사회와의 연결고리를 형성하고, 현대 예술과 문화 이벤트를 통해 지역 경제와 사회에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있습니다. GASP!는 변화하는 자연 환경 속에서 독특한 예술적 체험을 제공하며, 현대적 경관 디자인의 모범적인 사례로 자리잡고 있습니다. 이를 통해 방문객들에게 지속 가능한 디자인과 자연과의 공존의 중요성을 일깨워줍니다.

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McGregor Coxall: Set in Glenorchy, Tasmania on the Derwent River Glenorchy Art and Sculpture Park [GASP!] curves Elwick Bay’s east edge and terminates at Wilkinsons Point to bookend the Museum of Old and New Art [MONA] which opened in January 2011. MONA is changing the social and cultural fabric of the region and has had an enormous positive impact on tourism and the local economy. In this context, the City of Glenorchy engaged McGregor Coxall together with Room 11 Architects to design the second stage of GASP! to create a spectacular setting for art, sculpture and experience.

The value of this landscape to the local community and the state of Tasmania is high. Following the early years of colonial settlement in the 1920’s Glenorchy was dominated by farming, orchards and early industrial uses which attracted a diverse variety of people to work in the area including a relatively high percentage of migrants. The area evolved to accommodate recreation and entertainment type functions to support the growing local community. The area currently accommodates recreational and entertainment uses within the Derwent Entertainment Centre and race course while numerous heavy industries are located near the site and include a zinc refinery.

The site has evolved to accommodate contemporary arts and cultural events that add another layer to its heritage and to people’s mind map of the area. The design response has been to respect and draw from the site’s heritage. It leverages the new investment by the project sponsors to provide a return for the local blue collar community and complement the regeneration now underway being led by MONA.

GASP! Stage 2’s site was formally used as a construction deck for the Bowen Bridge and new sections of the Tasman Bridge following its partial collapse in 1975 after being struck by the bulk ore carrier Lake Illawarra. The post industrial site was depleted and exhausted. It is incredibly tough and exposed to high winds and salt air. It included multiple layers of debris from its use as a construction site for city infrastructure. The budget for the ambition was extremely tight. These challenges were the foundation for the landscape design response.

The existing site conditions were considered very poor for planting and required remedial work and grading to improve the soil structure and drainage in order to support the planting that was undertaken. A simple planting palate of proven species in the tough conditions including a mix of native grasses, dropping sheoaks and pig face respond to the wind and provide colour in the central space.

The result is a landscape of two primary parts. One: the external exposed landscape that leads to Wilkinsons Point; and – Two: the point itself with the sheltered courtyard, and its apron areas. These landscapes contrast and complement each other. They change in response to light, wind, shadow and season. One open and one protected. One dark  one light. They each have a different relationship with the river’s environs, Mt Wellington and its range of peaks.

The constantly changing nature of the riverscape is heavily influenced by the prevailing weather. This ranges from impossibly relentless wind that pummels the site with salt laden air through to calm mirror like conditions. Light and reflection from the surrounding landscape become one with the river and in turn frame the experience of the each of GASP! 2’s spaces. One exposed and foreboding – the other sheltered and inviting.

Location: Australia / Hobart / Type: Post-Industrial / Waterfronts / Built: 2011 /
Show on Google Maps / Published on February 28, 2017

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